S.O. Adebayo  , Kutus T. Victor  , 
    Comparative Study of State and Trait Anxiety of Undergraduate Smokers and Non-smokers in University of Jos, Nigeria,
    Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences,
    Volume 5,Issue 8,
    2008,
    Pages 779-784,
    ISSN 1683-8831,
    pjssci.2008.779.784,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=pjssci.2008.779.784)
    Abstract: Attempt was made to compare smokers and non-smokers on levels of state and trait anxiety. Total 100 undergraduate students were assessed using the modified state/trait anxiety inventory and a questionnaire containing demographic questions and questions on respondent smoking status, smoking history and smoking behavior. The study used a two way ANOVA design and statistics to analyze the data and findings revealed a significant mean difference between smokers and non-smokers in levels of state anxiety (F = 9.082, p<0.05) and no significant mean difference in the following; between smokers and non-smokers in levels of trait anxiety, between males and females in the level anxiety (F = 2.823, p>0.05; F = 0.143, p>0.05). No significant relationship was also observed between respondents’ level of smoking and level of anxiety (r = 0.22, p>0.05).
    Keywords: Smoking;anxiety;smokers;nonsmokers;undergraduates;Nigeria