Sheng-Sheng  Lu, Chang-Long  Xu, Zu-Xing  Qin, Ming-Ming  Liang, Huan-Hua  Chen, Li  Yang, Xi  Luo, Jun  Luo, Hui-Yan  Xu, Jing-Hui  Cui, Ke-Huan  Lu, 
    Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Cell Cycle Synchronization of <I>in vitro</I> Cultured Monkey (<I>Maccaca </I>f<I>ascicularis)</I> Ear Skin Fibroblasts,
    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,
    Volume 12,Issue 2,
    2013,
    Pages 242-247,
    ISSN 1680-5593,
    javaa.2013.242.247,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2013.242.247)
    Abstract: Arrest of cells in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase is desired for 
  somatic cell nuclear transfer procedures. This study determined the arresting 
  effects of 0-2% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) for 4-24 h on cell cycle stages of 
  <I>Maccaca fascicularis</I> ear-derived fibroblasts. The effects of DMSO on 
  apoptosis of these cells was also investigated. Cells were obtained from the 
  ear of a 4 years old male monkey. Analysis of cell cycle distribution by fluorescence-activated 
  cell sorting showed that 67.52, 14.37 and 18.11% of normally cycling cells were 
  at G0/G1, S, G2/M phases, respectively. In the groups with 4 h DMSO treatments, 
  cell cycle synchronization in G0/G1 phase for treatment with 1.5 and 2.0% DMSO 
  (82.86 and 86.31%) was significantly higher than in other groups (0.5% for 78.84% 
  and 1.0% for 78.65% ) or the control group (67.52%). With 24 h treatments, the 
  proportion of cells in G0/G1 was higher with 1% (90.45%), 1.5% (91.57%) and 
  2.0% DMSO (98.68%) than with 0.5% DMSO (78.22%) or the control group (70.33%). 
  Under normal culture conditions, 4.63% of cells underwent apoptosis. Treatment 
  with 1.5% DMSO, 2% DMSO for 4 h and 1% DMSO, 1.5% DMSO, 2% DMSO for 24 h resulted 
  in apoptosis in 10.52, 12.75, 10.42, 12.75 and 17.07% of cells, respectively. 
  In conclusion, the use of DMSO is suitable for cell cycle synchronization because 
  it arrests cells at the G0/G1 phase but it also induces a high level of apoptosis, 
  especially after 24 h for cultures treated with 2% DMSO.
    Keywords: Cell cycle synchronization;G0/G1 phase;monkey;DMSO;nuclear transfer