Yahong  Liu, Yurong  Yang, Xiaoping  Liao, Liang  Li, Chunyin  Lei, Lulu  Li, Jain  Sun, Baotao  Liu, 
    Antimicrobial Resistance, Resistance Genes and Virulence Genes in Salmonella Isolates From Chicken,
    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,
    Volume 11,Issue 23,
    2012,
    Pages 4423-4427,
    ISSN 1680-5593,
    javaa.2012.4423.4427,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2012.4423.4427)
    Abstract: Ninety eight Salmonella isolates (53 isolates from 2007 and 
  45 from 2009) from diseased chicken were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility 
  to 15 antimicrobials, possession of resistance and virulence genes and Pulsed 
  Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. The 82 (84%), all 45 from 2009 and 
  37 from 2007 were resistant to 2 or more antimicrobials. A single isolate from 
  2009 was resistant to 13 of the 15 antimicrobials tested. The isolates from 
  2009 exhibited significantly greater resistance to streptomycin, florfenicol, 
  tetracycline, doxycycline and nalidixic acid than that from 2007. Resistance 
  genes <I>sul3 </I>and <I>aadA1</I> were the most prevalent being found in 19 
  (36%) and 14 (31%) isolates from 2007 and 2009, respectively. All 98 isolates 
  carried invA; in comparison with the isolates from 2007, the isolates from 2009 
  exhibited significantly lower rates of carrying spvC, sopE and iroB. Of the 
  98 isolates, 75 isolates were successfully typed, resulting in 49 different 
  PFGE patterns with a difference of at least seven bands. This study shows that 
  the majority of Salmonella strains from Guangdong display resistance to multiple 
  antimicrobial compounds and carry multiple resistance genes and virulence genes.
    Keywords: Antimicrobial agents;resistance;resistance genes;virulence genes;salmonella