J.J.  Zuo, W.G.  Xia, A.Y.  Abdullahi, L.  Chen, D.Y.  Feng, 
    Effects of Creatine Monohydrate on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Yellow-Feathered Broilers,
    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,
    Volume 11,Issue 23,
    2012,
    Pages 4382-4388,
    ISSN 1680-5593,
    javaa.2012.4382.4388,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2012.4382.4388)
    Abstract: Nine hundred, 42 days old male yellow-feathered broilers were 
  used to evaluate the effects of Creatine Monohydrate (CMH) on growth performance, 
  carcass characteristics and meat quality. The birds received either a no-CMH 
  diet (0 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>) a low (250 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>), a moderate (500 
  mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>) or a high-CMH diet (1000 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>) for 21 days. 
  CMH supplementation did not affect the average daily weight gain, average daily 
  feed intake or feed efficiency. Additionally no significant differences were 
  discovered in the dressing, eviscerated, breast muscle or thigh muscle percentage. 
  However, there was a decreasing trend in the pH values of the pectoralis major 
  at 24 h postmortem and of the thigh muscle at 45 min postmortem as the level 
  of CMH supplementation increased. No significant difference was observed in 
  cooking loss, shear force value, moisture or crude protein percentages. However, 
  supplementing with CMH increased the slow-twitch red and the fast-twitch white 
  fiber ratio in the gastrocnemius muscles. The results suggested that CMH supplementation 
  has no effect on growth performance or carcass characteristics but it potentially 
  triggered a transition from fast-twitch red muscle fibers to slow-twitch red 
  and fast-twitch white muscle fibers.
    Keywords: Creatine;broiler;growth performance;carcass characteristics;meat quality