Yoon  Ho Jang, Jae  Keun Cho, Dong-Mi  Kwak, Gil-Jae  Cho, Young  Ju Lee, 
    Antimicrobial Resistance and Resistance Gene Determinants of Fecal <I>Escherichia coli </I>Isolated from Chicken,
    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,
    Volume 10,Issue 24,
    2011,
    Pages 3308-3311,
    ISSN 1680-5593,
    javaa.2011.3308.3311,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2011.3308.3311)
    Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a major problem and national antimicrobial resistance management program has been set up for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in human and veterinary medicine from 2009 in Korea. The aim of the present study was to assess the actual frequency of antimicrobial resistance in fecal <I>Escherichia coli</I> (<I>E. coli</I>) isolated from chicken at the phenotype level and to determine the genetic background for the two major resistance phenotypes (Streptomycin and tetracycline). One hundred and nine <I>E. coli</I> isolates were higher resistant to ampicillin (68.8%), cephalothin (63.3%), streptomycin (60.6%), ciprofloxacin (65.1%), enrofloxacin (79.8%), norfloxacin (66.1%), tripmethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.5%), erythromycin (89.0%) and tetracycline (96.3%). All of them showed resistance to two or more of the 18 antibiotics tested and one isolates was resistant to 13 antibiotics. In 51 (46.8%) isolates of 105 tetracycline resistant isolates only the resistant gene <I>tetA </I>was amplified while both the <I>tetA</I> and <I>tetB</I> gene were found in 22 (20.2%) isolates. The only <I>tetB</I> gene was found in 11 (10.1%) isolates and <I>tetA</I> and <I>tetC</I> gene was found in two isolates. About 30 (27.5%) isolates among 66 streptomycin resistant isolates were positive with <I>strA</I>, <I>strB</I> and <I>aadA</I> gene. The 25 (22.9%) and 4 (3.7%) isolates were positive with <I>strA</I> plus <I>strB</I> and <I>strB</I> plus <I>aadA</I> gene, respectively. The researchers could show that significant differences can be observed between isolates not only at the phenotype level but also at the genotype level.
    Keywords: Veterinary medicine;genotype;national antimicrobial resistance;phenotypes;isolates;Korea