Caihong  Wei, Li  Zhang, Hangxing  Ren, Xihui  Sheng, Lixin  Du, Lingyang  Xu, 
    Selection for Gene Pyramiding Design in Admixed Population,
    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,
    Volume 10,Issue 18,
    2011,
    Pages 2421-2433,
    ISSN 1680-5593,
    javaa.2011.2421.2433,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2011.2421.2433)
    Abstract: Gene pyramiding aims to design superior trait through selecting 
  and combining favorite target alleles into a single genotype, thus it was advocated 
  for designing breeding programs via selecting and pyramiding optimal combinations 
  of alleles. In this study, we investigated selection for gene pyramiding design 
  given the animal segregating population and the target trait was controlled 
  by major genes. The admixed population was used as the base population. The 
  mating parents were selected via detecting the favorite genes or linked markers 
  and offspring were produced by the discrete recombination of parents. The phenotypic 
  values were predicted by the genotype-phenotype model. Three selection strategies-genotypic 
  selection, simple phenotypic selection and phenotypic selection integrating 
  molecular information were developed. In genotypic selection, we only considered 
  the favorite allele frequencies and base population sizes in admixed population 
  and in phenotypic selection, we used genotype-phenotype model including trait 
  heritability, gene effect and gene interaction effects to predicate phenotypic 
  values. In each generation, we calculated population hamming distance, average 
  superior genotype frequency and average phenotypic value to comprehensively 
  measure the progress of gene pyramiding. The strategy requires minimum generations 
  to gain gene pyramiding were defined as the optimization strategy. Examples 
  were given for four target genes in order to compare the progress of gene pyramiding. 
  The results indicate that gene pyramiding breeding process was greatly affected 
  by the selection strategy. The gene effect and gene interaction effects information 
  affect the selection of optimal genotype combinations and more precise molecular 
  information was needed to guide the design of effective gene pyramiding breeding 
  programs.
    Keywords: selection strategies;China;population hamming distance;breeding strategy;Gene pyramiding;evolutionary computation