I.  Kurauchi, K.  Shigemi, S.  Yamada, M.  Aoki, Y.  Kawada, K.  Morishita, D.M.  Denbow, M.  Furuse, 
    Comparison of Central Effects of L-Ornithine Metabolites on the Stress Responses of Neonatal Chicks,
    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,
    Volume 8,Issue 12,
    2009,
    Pages 2580-2584,
    ISSN 1680-5593,
    javaa.2009.2580.2584,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2009.2580.2584)
    Abstract: Recently, we observed that central administration of L-arginine attenuated the stress responses of neonatal chicks by inducing a sedative and hypnotic effect. In addition, L-ornithine, which is produced from L-arginine in the brain, appeared to interact with L-arginine during a stress response. Several putative metabolites from L-ornithine, including L-citrulline and D-ornithine, were therefore investigated in the present study. The effects of intracerebroventricular injection of L-ornithine, L-citrulline and D-ornithine were compared in chicks under an isolation-induced stress. L-ornithine greatly attenuated the stress response and induced sedative and hypnotic effects. D-ornithine weakly attenuated the stress responses, while L-citrulline had no effect.
    Keywords: L-ornithine;D-ornithine;L-citrulline;intracerebroventricular injection;social separation stress;neonatal chick