TY  - JOUR
T1  - Profitability Analysis of Small-Scale Farmers in Indonesia a
Case Study of Hand Tractor use in Jember Regency
AU - Candra Wardana, Fitri AU - Yamamoto, Naoyuki AU - Kano, Hideyuki 
JO  - The Social Sciences
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
SP  - 2224
EP  - 2229
PY  - 2017
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1818-5800
DO  - sscience.2017.2224.2229
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=sscience.2017.2224.2229
KW  - Small-scale farmers
KW  -hand tractor
KW  -profitability analysis
KW  -constraints
AB  - In this study, we analyze the constraints of hand tractor ownership and the profitability of small-scale
farmers who use hand tractors in Jember Regency, Indonesia. Multistage purposive sampling was used to select
144 small-scale farmers from six districts in Jember Regency. The analysis of social characteristics shows that
the main constraints impeding small-scale farmers from owning hand tractors are availability, skills, costs and
land condition. The results of the profitability analysis show that small-scale farmers in the Jember Regency
have lower labor costs of IDR 4,133,820/ha (USD 295), higher hand tractor costs of IDR 609,890/ha (USD 44)
and higher income than the national standard of IDR 14,496,887/ha (USD 1,035). This indicates that hand tractor
use results in an increase in the profitability of small-scale farmers by reducing production costs. The
significant gross margin (83.7%) is evidence that small-scale farmers in the Jember Regency who use hand
tractors for land preparation are more profitable than the national standard.
ER  -