TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Hybrid Metaheuristic to Minimize the Carbon Dioxide Emissions and the Total Distance for the Vehicle Routing Problem
AU - Bouzekri El Idrissi Adiba, E.L. AU - Elhassania, Messaoud AU - Alaoui Ahemd, Elhilali 
JO  - International Journal of Soft Computing
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
SP  - 409
EP  - 417
PY  - 2016
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-9503
DO  - ijscomp.2016.409.417
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=ijscomp.2016.409.417
KW  - Vehicle routing problem
KW  -multi-objective optimization
KW  -greenhouse emissions
KW  -ant colony system
KW  -freight transport
AB  - A better synonym of "green transportation" is "sustainable transportation". The word ‘sustainable’
clearly means activities that support the long term livelihood of our society. Even, the transportation system
is very important because it represents the physical connection between the companies in the supply chain,
this system is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, as well as increased costs. This study
discusses problem of routing freight vehicles, according to the criteria of the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and the costs, 
named Multi-objective Green Vehicle Routing Problem (MGVRP) in the context of green transportation. The
MGVRP presents the problem of finding routes for vehicles to serve a set of customers while minimizing the
total cost and the total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions which can be formulated as combinatorial optimization problems. In this
research, we propose, to solve the MGVRP, a mathematical model and a simulated hybrid metaheuristic based
on the ant colony system algorithm which shows good performance on both the traditional CVRP and the
MGVRP in terms of the cost and the emissions.
ER  -