TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Morphological and Rheological Behavior of Calcium Carbonate
Nanoparticles Filled Virgin and Waste Polypropylene
AU - Jawad Hadi, Nizar AU - A. Saad, Najim AU - Jawad Mohamed, Dhey 
JO  - Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
VL  - 13
IS  - 24
SP  - 10194
EP  - 10202
PY  - 2018
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-949x
DO  - jeasci.2018.10194.10202
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2018.10194.10202
KW  - twin screw extruder
KW  -Virgin and waste PP
KW  -CaCO nanoparticles
KW  -morphology
KW  -rheological properties
KW  -flow behavior
AB  - This study investigated the morphological and rheological properties of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles reinforce virgin Polypropylene (PP) and its waste. PP and CaCO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles in the content of (3, 5, 7 and 10 wt.%) were mixed by melt extrusion in a twin screw extruder at different screw speeds 25 and 50 rpm at 190&deg;C. Different microstructure and morphological techniques (X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy) were used to evaluate the effect of the additive percentage (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) and the processing condition (screw speed) on the microstructure of the nanocomposite. The rheological behavior (Melt Flow Rate (MFR) and Melt Volume Rate (MVR)) is tested using Melt Flow Index (MFI) device. MFR of the new modified composite are tested due to the nanoparticles concentration, loads, temperatures and rotating speed while MVR was tested at different CaCO<sub>3 </sub>nanoparticles percentage at 2.16 kg. Shear rate and viscosity are predicted according to the MFR values. The results shows that the crystallinity was increasing with the CaCO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles percentage increasing while the results of FESEM show that CaCO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles distribution in PP matrix at 25 rpm is more homogenous and less agglomeration than at 50 rpm. The value of MFR and MVR were increasing for virgin PP while decreasing for waste PP<sub>.</sub> at 25 and 50 rpm.
ER  -