TY  - JOUR
T1  - Toxicity of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on African Mud Fish <I>Clarias gariepinus</I> (Teugals)
AU - Shallangwa, Sani Mallum 
JO  - Agricultural Journal
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
SP  - 177
EP  - 180
PY  - 2011
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-9155
DO  - aj.2011.177.180
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=aj.2011.177.180
KW  - adductor muscles
KW  -perilamellae fibrosis
KW  -lamellae
KW  -Clarias gariepinus
KW  -toxicity
KW  -2
KW  -4-D
KW  -Nigeria
AB  - The acute and sub-lethal toxicity of a herbicide 2,4-Dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to juveniles of <I>Clarias gariepinus</I> (Teugels) of mean weight of 26.62&plusmn;1.25 g and standard length of 14.83&plusmn;0.04 cm were investigated under laboratory condition. In 96 h, LC<SUB>50</SUB> was 86 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>. The toxicant led to initial increase in the opercular ventilation rate which then decreased below the status quo by the end of the 96 h. Restlessness, immobilisation, loss of balance and air gulping were commonly observed before death during the acute bioassay. Exposed cells of the fish gill had coagulation necrosis of the lamellae, perilamellae fibrosis and inflammations. In addition, dose-dependent necrosis of adductor muscles was observed at the highest acute concentration (86 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>).
ER  -