@article{MAKHILLJAVA20201934616,
    title = {Effect of Xylazine, Xylazine/Fentanyl and Xylazine/Nalbuphine on Hematological and Serum
Biochemical Parameters in Standing Horses},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {19},
    number = {3},
    pages = {26-33},
    year = {2020},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2020.26.33},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2020.26.33},
    author = {Amal,Shaaban,Tarek,Ahmed and},
    keywords = {fentanyl,Xylazine,nalbuphine,hematological biochemical,horses},
    abstract = {Standing sedation is an efficient alternative to
general anesthesia in horses and a necessity is present for
development of new sedative combinations with minimal
adverse effects. Therefore, this study was designed to
investigate the effect of xylazine given alone or in
combination with fentanyl or nalbuphine on some
hematobiochemical parameters in horses. Five adult
healthy horses were randomly assigned to receive three
treatments at 1 week interval as follows, XYL group
(0.55 mg kg<sup>&#150;1</sup> of xylazine IV); XYL/FEN group
(0.55 mg kg<sup>&#150;1</sup> of xylazine IV with 4.92 &mu;g kg<sup>&#150;1</sup> of
fentanyl IV) and XYL/NAL (0.55 mg kg<sup>&#150;1</sup> of xylazine
IV with 0.3 mg kg<sup>&#150;1</sup> of nalbuphine IV).Venous blood
samples were collected before (baseline) and at 8, 15, 30,
60, 90 and 120 min after xylazine administration. All
studied variables were analyzed using a one-way Analysis
of Variance (ANOVA) and the level of significance
was set at p&lt;0.05. Significant decrease in Red Blood
Cell Count (RBCs), Hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations,
Packed Cell Volume (PCV%) was detected in XYL group
at most sampling times compared to XYL/NAL group
with the absence of significant alterations in these
parameters in XYL/FEN group. Significant decrease in
platelet counts was only observed in XYL group. Serum
Total Protein (TP) and albumin concentrations were also
significantly decreased in XYL group while a
significant increase in blood glucose concentrations
was observed in XYL/FEN group. Mostly, no
significant changes were reported in leukogram,
blood pH and serum levels of electrolytes and
minerals with all sedative protocols evaluated in this
study. In conclusion, it was found that both
fentanyl and nalbuphine were effective in ameliorating
the depressant effect of xylazine on red blood cell
indices, platelet counts and serum concentrations of
TP and albumin, however, fentanyl/xylazine combination
may be not recommended in diabetic animals.}
    }