@article{MAKHILLJAVA2008781178,
    title = {A Survey of Teat End Hyperkeratosis Prevalence in the Tabriz Dairy Herds},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {7},
    number = {8},
    pages = {949-952},
    year = {2008},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2008.949.952},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2008.949.952},
    author = {H. Hamali,S. Mosafery and},
    keywords = {Hyperkeratosis,holstein,milking,cow,teat},
    abstract = {Teat end hyperkeratosis is a very important problem which affects cows in the farms of Iran and many other countries. This disease mainly caused by the over milking and defects in the milking machine. In a survey focusing on the 4 large dairy Holstein herds at around of Tabriz (north-west of Iran), prevalence of teat end hyperkeratosis, was evaluated. In the herds of A (n = 300) and B (n = 160), cows were milked 3 times/day. In the herds of C (n = 162) and D (n = 190) cows were milked 2 times/day. Prevalence of the teat end hyperkeratosis in the herds of A and B were recorded as 63.38%. In the herds of B and C this prevalence was 24.86%. Also, according to the Wilson`s grading schedule the grades of 2 and 3 of hyperkeratosis more prevalent between the cows with 3 times milking/day, than cows with 2 times milking/day. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences between the herds of A and B (3 times milking/day) and herds of C and D (2 times milking/day). In conclusion, according to our results, significant relationship exists between the cow`s teat end hyperkeratosis and milking frequency/day.}
    }